The Italian Language

pronounced like German and Scottish ch, Russian x and Spanish j

not identical with f, as it is in most modern languages, but a palatised p

pronounced like the English silent th and castilian z and soft c

seems not to have been different from r, but was used to write words of Greek origin

pronounced ks, never z

pronounced like French and Dutch u and German ü

had been at one point part of the Latin alphabet, placed between e and f, but had been suppressed, as the sound had disappeared. When Greek loan words made it necessary to readopt the letter, it found its present position, like all latecomers, at the end of the line.